Garden Magic Company Articles

Most Common Garden Insect Problems and their Solutions
by Ann Barklow

SNAILS
and
SLUGS
Familiarize yourself with snails and slugs favorite hiding places (in between walls and plants, rocks and plants, containers and plants, wood and plants, linear-leafed plants such as Agapanthus and Daylilies, to name a few) and hand pick. Remember, snails as a rule do not hide in the plant they are eating, so always check the plants surrounding the damaged plant. Hand picking at night with a flashlight works. To trap snails and slugs, place a slightly elevated wood board in the garden bed and turn over to remove them in the daytime. Use barriers such as copper wraps (good for trees or single trunked shrubs). Surround plants with diatomaceous earth. Use beer baits. Avoid over-watering.

If snail populations are high you might try one of my favorite methods of hiring kids to pick them out of the garden and pay them a dime a snail. Iron Phosphate baits, such as Sluggo® or Escargo®, applied on a weekly basis are also effective. Avoid toxic slug baits that use a metaldehyde-based formula dangerous to children and pets. Predator Decollate snails can be released but the use of baits needs to be discontinued. Predator snails are most effective in ivy situations. Most Garden Centers carry non-toxic baits, copper snail wraps and bags of diatomaceous earth. Few places carry beer baits, so you may want to use an online source, such as Peaceful Valley Garden Supply.

APHIDS Aphids are small green, red or black insects that tend to congregate together in groups on the tips of plants or flowers, such as rose buds. Knock off aphids with a sharp jet of water frequently until populations are tolerable. Hand squishing works for the unsqueamish. Aphids are easily controlled by beneficial insects like Lady Bugs that eat them. Make sure and design for a diversity of plant materials to attract beneficial insects that will prey on pests such as aphids. Use non-toxic insecticidal soap sprays only as a last resort.
MEALYBUGS Mealybugs are small white fuzzy insects that hang out on the underside and in the crotches of leaves. Using a diluted rubbing alcohol solution (70% RA to 30% water), spray on cotton balls and/or cloth and gently wipe leaves off. Soak Qtips for tight spots between leaves. Do not use alcohol solution on succulents or fuzzy leaved plants such as African Violets. Plant a diversity of plant materials to attract beneficial insects that will prey on pests.
WHITEFLY Knock off Whiteflys and their eggs with a sharp jet of water frequently to discourage them. Plant a diversity of plant materials to attract the beneficial wasps and insects that will prey on these pests.
Soap, Neem oil, or Horticultural Oil Sprays use as a last resort. Hibiscus, xylosma, citrus and begonias are some of the whiteflys favorite host plants.
THRIPS Use plant materials that are not susceptible to thrips. Discourage thrips by spraying the undersides of leaves with a sharp jet of water frequently. Drought and weeds increase thrips populations. Use Soap with pyrethrum or oil sprays as a last resort.
CATERPILLARS Identify caterpillar eggs and remove them. Eggs are often found underneath leaves and on plant buds. Hand pick caterpillars. Plant a diversity of plant materials to attract the beneficial wasps and insects that will prey on these pests. For high populations, target caterpillars using Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis), a non-toxic microbial product. Use row cover fabric when practical.
 
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Text & Images Copyright © 2005 by Ann Barklow